SUMMARY OF AMENDMENTS OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION

6 February 2025 Mukesh Kumar Suman

Amendment	Year	Details
First Amendment	1951	First Amendment Act amended several Fundamental Rights. In State of Madras Vs. Champakam Dorairajan (1951) SCR 525 the Supreme Court invalidated caste based reservation in government jobs and educational institutions. To nullify this clause 4 to Article 15 was added to provide for special provision for advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. Article 19 (2) was amended to provide for new grounds i.e. i.e. friendly relations with foreign states, public order and incitement of an offence for imposing restrictions on freedom of speech and expression under Article 19 (1) (a). Article 19 (6) was amended to provide for new grounds i.e. (i) the professional or technical qualifications necessary for practicing any profession or carrying on any occupation, trade or business, or (ii) the carrying on by the State, or by a corporation owned or controlled by the State or by a corporation owned or controlled by the State, of any trade, business, industry or service, whether to the exclusion, complete or partial of citizens or otherwise, for imposing restriction on right to practice, any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business under Article 19 (1) (g). Judicial decisions were coming in way of agrarian reforms and welfare policies. Article 31A was added to the effect that laws providing for acquisition of estates shall not be invalidated on the ground of violation of Fundamental Rights. Article 31B was added to provide for Ninth schedule to give immunity to land reform laws against Fundamental Rights.
Second Amendment	1952	Article 81 provided that there shall not be less than one member of House of People for every 7,50,000 of the population and not more than one member of House of the People for every 5,00,000 of the population. The Second Amendment Act omitted “not less than one member for every 7,50,000 of the population” in Article 81.
Third Amendment	1954	Third Amendment Act substituted Entry 33 in Concurrent List to provide for trade and commerce in and the production, supply and distribution of (a) the products of any industry where control is declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in public interest, (b) foodstuffs including edible oil seeds and oils, (c) cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other concentrates, (d) raw cotton whether ginned or unginned, and cotton seeds and (e) raw jute
Fourth Amendment	1955	Fourth Amendment Act amended Article 31A by substituting Clause 2 to the effect that law provided for compulsory acquisition of property will not be questioned in any court on the ground that compensation is not adequate. Two more state acts and four central acts were added to the Ninth Schedule Article 305 was amended for saving of laws providing restrictions under Article 19 (6) (ii) in cases of infringement of Article 301 and 303
Fifth Amendment	1955	Fifth Amendment Act empowered President to provide time frame for State Legislatures to express their views on proposed central laws for creation of new States or changes to existing state boundaries, areas or names.
Sixth Amendment	1956	Six Amendment Act empowered the Union to levy taxes on inter-state sales and purchase of goods (excluding newspapers) allowing them to control taxation of goods traded between different states within India by amending Articles 269, 286 and introducing entry 92A in Union List.
Seventh Amendment	1956	The First Schedule originally contained Part A, Part B, Part C and Pard D States. Part A contained provinces of British India. Part B contained Princely States headed by Raj Pramukh. Part C states contained princely states or Chief Commissioner’s provinces headed by Chief Commissioner. Part D contained Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Seventh Amendment Act abolished classification of Part A and Part B states. Part C & Part D states were kept under Union Territory classification. Article 81 and Article 82 were substituted with new articles altogether and provided new scheme of allocation of seats to different states and territorial constituencies within states.
Eighth Amendment	1959	Eighth Amendment Act extended reservation of Scheduled Castes , Scheduled Tribes and representation of Anglo Indians in House of the People and State Legislative Assemblies by ten years by amending Article 334.
Ninth Amendment	1960	Ninth Amendment Act transferred part of Berubari Union to Pakistan on the basis bilateral agreement between India and Pakistan.
Tenth Amendment	1961	Tenth Amendment Act made Dadra and Nagar Haveli Union Territory by amending First Schedule
Eleventh Amendment	1961	Eleventh Amendment Act provided electoral college consisting of members of both houses of Parliament in place of joint sitting for election of vice-president. It was also provided that election of President or Vice-President cannot be challenged on the ground of any vacancy in electoral college.
Twelfth Amendment	1962	Twelfth Amendment Act incorporated territories of Goa, Daman and Diu as Union Territory
Thirteenth Amendment	1962	Thirteenth Amendment Act made Nagaland a State. Special provisions for State of Nagaland were also made.
Fourteenth Amendment	1962	Fourteenth Amendment Act incorporated Pondicherry as Union Territory by amending 1^st Schedule
Fifteenth Amendment	1963	Fifteenth Amendment Act increased retirement age of a High Court from sixty years to sixty-two years by amending Article 217. Article 224A was also added providing for appointment of retired judges. High Court was also vested with extra-territorial jurisdiction in case cause of action arises within the jurisdiction of High Court.
Sixteenth Amendment	1963	Sixteenth Amendment Act expanded scope of restrictions on right to freedom under Article 19 and ground of “sovereignty and integrity of India” was added in clauses 2, 3 and 4 of Article 19. Forms of oaths in the Third Schedule was also amended to include “ that I will uphold sovereignty and integrity of India”.
Seventeenth Amendment	1964	Seventeenth Amendment Act amended Article 31 to provide that cultivable land within ceiling limit will not be acquired unless compensation not less than market value is provided. Definition of estate was also expanded. Certain state land reforms acts were added to the Ninth Schedule.
Eighteenth Amendment	1966	Eighteenth Amendment Act amended Article 3 to clarify that for the purposes of clause (a) to (e) State includes Union Territory while in the proviso State does not include Union Territory. It was also clarified that the power conferred on Parliament by clause (a) includes the power to form a new State or Union Territory by uniting a part of any State or Union Territory or any other State or Union Territory.
Nineteenth Amendment	1966	Nineteenth Amendment Act amended Article 324 to abolish power of the Election Commission to appoint Election Tribunal for determination of disputes in connection with election of Parliament and State Legislatures.
Twentieth Amendment	1966	Twentieth Amendment Act validated the appointments, postings, promotions, and transfer of district judges by adding Article 233A. The amendment was necessitated due to judgment of the Supreme Court in Chandra Mohan Vs State of UP (1967) 1 SCR 77 wherein the appointment of District Judges had been invalidated by Supreme Court.
Twenty-first Amendment	1967	Twenty-first Amendment Act amended Eighth Schedule to add Sindhi as official language.
Twenty-second Amendment	1969	Twenty-second Amendment Act added Article 244 whereby Parliament was empowered to create autonomous state within Assam to include certain tribal areas.
Twenty-third Amendment	1969	Twenty-third Amendment Act amended Article 334 to extend reservation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and representation of Anglo Indians in House of the People and Legislative Assemblies of State for another 10 years. Reservation of Scheduled Tribes of Nagaland in State Legislature and Lok Sabha was discontinued. Article 333 was amended to limit the discretion of the Governor to appoint one member to represent Anglo Indian Community in State Legislature.
Twenty-fourth Amendment	1971	Twenty-Fourth Amendment Act was passed subsequent to Judgment in I. C. Golaknath Vs. State of Punjab 1967 AIR 1643 wherein it was held that Fundamental Rights cannot be amended. Vide this amendment clause 4 was added to Article 13 to provide that nothing in Article 13 shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under Article 368. Clause (3) was also added to the Article 368 to provide that nothing in Article 13 shall apply to any amendment made under this Article.
Twenty-fifth Amendment	1971	Twenty-Fifth Amendment Act was passed to nullify certain aspects of judgment of the Surpeme Court in R C Cooper Vs Union of India (1970) SCR (3) 530. It amended Article 31 to the effect that acquisition of property for public purposes shall not be called in question in any court on the ground that the amount so fixed or determined is not adequate or that the whole or any part of such amount is to be given otherwise in cash. Article 31C was also added which provided that no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing the principles specified in Article 39 (b) and (c) shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by Article 14, Article 19 or Article 31 and no law containing a declaration that it is for giving effect to such policy shall be called in question in any court on the ground that it does not give effect to such policy.
Twenty-sixth Amendment	1971	Twenty -Sixth Amendment Act added Article 363A whereby the recognition of rulers of Indian States were discontinued and privy purses granted to them were abolished.
Twenty-seventh Amendment	1971	Twenty – Seventh Amendment Act reorganized North-Eastern states.
Twenty-eighth Amendment	1972	Twenty-eighth Amendment Act omitted Article 314 which provided for same service conditions to civil servants after commencement of the Constitution who were appointed by Secretary of State. Article 312A was added which empowered Parliament to vary or revoke law related with conditions of service of civil servants.
Twenty-ninth Amendment	1972	Kerala Land Reform Act, 1969 and Kerala Land Reforms Act, 1971 were added to Ninth Schedule.
Thirtieth Amendment	1972	Thirtieth Amendment Act amended Article 133 to the effect that civil appeal to the Supreme Court on the basis of pecuniary limit was omitted and appeal to Supreme Court was made maintainable only if the High Court certifies that the matter involves a substantial question of law of public importance.
Thirty-first Amendment	1973	Thirty-first Amendment Act amended Article 81 to increase the number of seats in the Lok Sabha from 525 to 545 (525 from states and twenty from Union Territories).
Thirty-second Amendment	1973	Thirty-second Amendment Act provided special provisions for state of Andhra Pradesh
Thirty-third Amendment	1974	Thirty-third Amendment Act amended Article 101 and 190 to the effect that resignation of a Member of Parliament or Member of State Legislature shall not be accepted by the Speaker or the Chairman if he is satisfied after making such inquiry as he thinks fit that the resignation is not voluntary or genuine.
Thirty-fourth Amendment	1974	Thirty-fourth Amendment Act incorporated several laws in Ninth Schedule with reduced level of ceiling on land holdings.
Thirty-fifth Amendment	1974	Thirty-fifth Amendment Act inserted Article 2A in the Constitution whereby Sikkim was associated with Union of India.
Thirty-sixth Amendment	1975	Thirty-sixth Amendment Act made Sikkim a full-fledged State in the First Schedule and was allotted one seat in House of the People and one seat in Council of States.
Thirty-seventh Amendment	1975	Thirty-seventh Amendment Act included Arunachal Pradesh in Article 239A and 240 paving way for creating of Legislative Assembly and Council of Ministers.
Thirty-eighth Amendment	1975	Thirty-eighth Amendment Act limited the power of judicial review of Courts. Articles 352, 356, 359 and 360 were amended to include that satisfaction of President shall be final in cases of proclamation of emergency and cannot be questioned in any Court. Similarly, power to issue ordinance under Article 123, 213 and 239B were made final and judicial review was barred.
Thirty-ninth Amendment	1975	Thirty-ninth Amendment Act barred Courts from entertaining disputes arising out of election of President, Vice-President, Speaker and Prime Minister was barred. Parliament was empowered to provide for authority for such determination.
Fortieth Amendment	1976	Fortieth Amendment Act amended Article 297 to provide that all other resources of Exclusive Economic Zone shall vest in the Union and be held for purposes of the Union.
Forty-first Amendment	1976	Forty-first Amendment Act increased the retirement age of Chairman and Members of State Public Service Commission from 60 to 62 years.
Forty -second Amendment	1976	Forty-second Amendment Act made comprehensive Amendments to the Indian Constitution due to which Forty-second Amendment is also called mini constitution. Socialist and Secular words were added to the Preamble. The words “Unity of the nation” in the preamble was replaced with “Unity and integrity of the nation”. Article 368 was amended to nullify judgment of the Supreme Court in Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala 1973 (4) SCC 225 by adding clauses (4) and (5). Clause 4 barred judicial review of any amendment including that of Fundamental Rights. Clause 5 declared that there is no limitation on amending power of Parliament. Article 31D was added to save laws in respect of anti-national activities. Article 32A was added to bar jurisdiction of the Supreme Court from considering the constitutional validity of any state law unless constitutional validity of central law is also in issue in such proceedings. Article 131A was added to give exclusive jurisdiction to the Supreme Court to determine validity of Central Law. Article 144A was added which provided that minimum number of judges of the Supreme Court who shall sit for the purpose of determining any question as to the constitutional validity of any Central Law or State Law shall be seven. Further, any Central Law could be only invalidated by majority of two-third of the judges. Article 226A was added to bar jurisdiction of High Court from considering constitutional validity of Central Acts. Article 228A was inserted to take away power of judicial review of High Courts of Central Acts. Article 74 was amended to make President bound by advice of the Council of Ministers. Article 358 and 359 were amended to provide for suspension of Fundamental Rights during proclamation of emergency. Period of approval of proclamation of emergency under Article 356 was extended from six months to one year. Article 357 was amended to provide that laws made during emergency under 356 shall not automatically cease after expiry of emergency. New directive principles 39A, 43A and 48A was added. Chapter VIA containing Fundamental Duties was added. President was given power to disqualify member of State Legislature on recommendation of Election Commission. 42^nd Amendment froze the delimitation of constituencies of Lok Sabha and State Assemblies till 2001 census. Article 312 was amended to include All India Judicial Services. Article 323A was added to provide for Administrative Tribunals and 323B to provide for Tribunal for other matters
Forty-third Amendment	1977	Forty-third Amendment Act reversed several amendments brought about by 42^nd Amendment during emergency. Articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228 A were repealed.
Forty-fourth Amendment	1978	Forty-fourth Amendment Act abolished right to property as Fundamental Right under Article 31. Article 300A was added to make right to property a legal right. Procedure to proclaim emergency was made stricter. Article 352 was amended to provide that emergency can be proclaimed only when the security of India or any part of its territory is threatened by war or external aggression or by armed rebellion. Internal disturbance no longer remained a ground for proclamation of emergency. Such proclamation can only be issued on written advise of Council of Ministers. Within one month proclamation has to approved by two houses of Parliament. Such proclamation was be in force for six months until continued by resolution passed by both houses of Parliament. Ten percent or more member of Lok Sabha was empowered to move resolution for disapproving proclamation of emergency. It was further provided that right to move court for enforcement of Fundamental Right of Life and Liberty cannot suspended during proclamation of emergency. Article 22 was amended to provide that a person cannot be detained for more than two months unless Advisory Boards reported that there is sufficient clause for such detention. Chairman of Advisory Board was to be serving judge of High Court. Articles 132, 133 and 134 was amended and Article 134 A was added to provide that a High Court should consider the question of granting a certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court immediately after the delivery of the judgment, decree, final order or sentence concerned on the basis of oral application by a party or if the High Court deems fit to do so on its own motion.
Forty-fifth Amendment	1980	Forty-fifth Amendment Act extended reservation of Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribes and representation of Anglo Indian in House of the People, Legislative Assemblies of State and representation of Anglo Indians by another ten years.
Forty-sixth Amendment	1982	Forty-sixth Amendment Act expanded definition of tax on sale or purchase of goods. Article 92B was added to enable levy of tax on the consignment of goods where such consignment takes place in the course of inter-state trade or commerce. The amendment was targeted at augmenting the tax revenue of states.
Forty-seventh Amendment	1984	Forty-seventh Amendment Act added several State Acts to Ninth Schedule
Forty-eighth Amendment	1984	Forty-eighth Amendment Act amended Article 356 to provide that in the case of the proclamation issued under clause (1) on the 6th day of October, 1983 with respect to the State of Punjab, the reference in this clause to “any period beyond the expiration of one year” shall be construed as a reference to “any period beyond the expiration of two years”.
Forty Ninth Amendment	1984	Forty Ninth amendment Act provided constitutional status to Autonomous District Council in Tripura.
Fiftieth Amendment	1984	Fiftieth Amendment Act empowered Parliament by amending Article 33 to restrict Fundamental Rights of people working in intelligence agencies, the armed forces and paramilitary forces for proper discharge of duties.
Fifty-first Amendment	1984	Fifty-first Amendment Act amended Article 330 to provide for the reservation of seats in Lok Sabha for Scheduled Tribes in Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland. Article 332 was also amended for providing reservation of Scheduled Tribes in State Legislatures of Meghalaya and Nagaland.
Fifty-second Amendment	1985	Fifty-second Amendment Act provided for anti-defection law by amending Article 101, 102, 190, and 191 and adding Tenth Schedule.
Fifty-third Amendment	1986	Fifty-third Amendment Act provided for statehood of Mizoram and provided for special provisions for Mizoram under Article 371 G.
Fifty-fourth Amendment	1986	Fifty-fourth Amendment Act increased salary of judges of the Supreme Court and High Court. Parliament was empowered to determine salary of the Judges of the Supreme Court and High Court.
Fifty- fifth Amendment	1987	Fifty-fifth Amendment Act granted statehood to Arunachal Pradesh and provided for special provisions by adding Article 371H.
Fifty-sixth Amendment	1987	Fifty-sixth Amendment Act made Goa State and Daman and Diu Union Territory. Article 371I was added to provide Legislative Assembly for Goa.
Fifty-seventh Amendment	1987	Fifty-seventh Amendment Act provided for reservation of Scheduled Tribes of all seats except one in Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland if all the seats in the Legislative Assembly of these states were occupied by the members of the Scheduled Tribes from the date of the Act’s enforcement. In other cases, proportion of seats of reserved for Scheduled Tribes should not be less than the number of Scheduled Tribe members in the existing Assembly to the total number of seats in the Assembly.
Fifty-eighth Amendment	1987	Fifty-eighth Amendment Act added Article 394A whereby it empowered the President to publish authorized text of the Constitution in Hindi.
Fifty-ninth Amendment	1988	Fifty-ninth Amendment Act amended Article 356 in respect of Punjab to provide for proclamation of emergency to extend for three years. Article 352, 358 and 359 was also amended to provide internal disturbance as ground for proclamation of emergency in Punjab.
Sixtieth Amendment	1988	Sixtieth Amendment Act increased tax ceiling on professions, trades, callings and employments leviable by a State Legislature from 250 rupees per annum to 2500 rupees.
Sixty-first Amendment	1988	Sixty-first Amendment Act reduced voting age from 21 years to 18 years by amending Article 326.
Sixty-second Amendment	1989	Sixty-second Amendment Act extended reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and representation of Anglo Indian for another ten years in Parliament and State Legislatures.
Sixty-third Amendment	1989	Sixty-third Amendment omitted special provisions in respect of proclamation of emergency in Punjab i.e. proviso in Article 356 (5) and Article 359 A
Sixty-fourth Amendment	1990	Fifty-ninth Amendment Act amended Article 356 in respect of Punjab to provide for proclamation to extend for three and half years.
Sixty-fifth Amendment	1990	Sixty Fifth Amendment Act amended Article 338 to provide for National commission for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in place of Special Officer for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Sixty-sixth Amendment	1990	Sixty-sixth Amendment Act included some additional laws in Ninth Schedule.
Sixty-seventh Amendment	1990	Sixty-seventh Amendment Act amended Article 356 in respect of Punjab to provide for duration of proclamation of emergency to extend for four years.
Sixty-eighth Amendment	1991	Sixty-eighth Amendment Act amended Article 356 in respect of Punjab to provide for duration of proclamation of emergency to extend for five years.
Sixty-ninth Amendment	1991	Sixty-ninth Amendment Act made special provision in respect of Delhi. Union Territory of Delhi was renamed as National Capital Territory of Delhi and Administrator was designated as Lieutenant Governor. Provision for Legislative Assembly for NCT of Delhi was also made.
Seventieth Amendment	1992	Seventieth Amendment Act amended Article 54 which made elected members of NCLT of Delhi and Pondicherry members of electoral college for election of President.
Seventy-first Amendment	1992	Seventy-first Amendment Act added Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali languages to the Eighth Schedule and recognized them as official languages of India.
Seventy-second Amendment	1992	Seventy-second Amendment Act provided that until the re-adjustment under Article 170 takes effect on the basis of the first census after year 2000, the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of the State of Tripura, the seats which shall be reserved for the ST in the Legislative Assembly shall be such number of seats as bears to the total number of seats, a proportion not less than the number, as on the date of coming into force of this Amendment of members belonging to the Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assembly in existence on the said date bears to the total number of seats in that assembly.
Seventy-third Amendment	1992	Seventy-third Amendment Act established three tier Panchayati Raj. It added Article 243 to 243O and Eleventh Schedule.
Seventy-fourth Amendment	1992	Seventy-fourth Amendment Act added three tier Municipalities. It added Articles 243P to 243 ZG and Twelfth Schedule to the Indian Constitution.
Seventy-fifth Amendment	1993	Seventy-fifth Amendment Act amended Article 323B for providing Rent Tribunals
Seventy-sixth Amendment	1994	Seventy-sixth Amendment Act added Tamil Nadu Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes ( Reservation of Seats in Educational Institutions and of Appointments or Posts in the Services under the State ) Act, 1993 to the Ninth Schedule.
Seventy-seventh Amendment	1995	Seventy-seventh Amendment Act nullified certain aspects of Indra Sawhney Vs Union of India AIR 1993 SC 477 related with Promotion. It added clause 4A to Article 16 which provided that nothing in this Article shall prevent the State from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotion to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which in the opinion of the Sate are not adequately represented.
Seventy-eighth Amendment	1995	Seventy-eighth Amendment Act added additional laws to the Ninth Schedule
Seventy-ninth Amendment	2000	Seventy-ninth Amendment Act extended reservation to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Anglo Indians in Parliament and State Legislature for another period of 10 years
Eightieth Amendment	2000	Eightieth Amendment Act provided alternative scheme of sharing of the proceeds of certain Union Taxes and duties between the Union and the States.
Eighty-first Amendment	2000	Eighty-first Amendment Act added clause 4B in Article 16 which provided that nothing in Article 16 shall prevent the State from considering any unfilled vacancies of a year which are reserved for being filled up in that year in accordance with any provision for reservation made under clause (4) or clause (4A) as a separate class of vacancies to be filled up in any succeeding year or years and such class of vacancies shall not be considered together with the vacancies of the year in which they are being filled up for determining the ceiling of fifty per cent reservation on total number of vacancies of that year.
Eighty -second Amendment	2000	Eighty-second Amendment added proviso to Article 335 which provided that nothing in Article 335 shall prevent in making of any provision in favour of the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes for relaxation in qualifying marks in any examination or lowering the standards of evaluation, for reservation in matters of promotion to any class or classes of services or posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of a State.
Eighty-third Amendment	2000	Eighty-third Amendment Act exempted Arunachal Pradesh from reserving seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Panchayati Raj Institutions
Eighty-fourth Amendment	2001	Readjustment of constituencies was frozen vide Forty-second Amendment until the figures of the first census taken after the year 2000 are published. Eighty-fourth Amendment Act extended the freeze on allocation of seats in the House of the People to the State till 2026 as readjusted on the basis of 1971 census. The division of each state into territorial constituencies was to be readjusted on the basis of 1991 census.
Eighty-fifth Amendment	2002	Eighty-fifth Amendment Act amended Article 16 (4A) to provide consequential seniority in matter of promotion to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Eighty-sixth Amendment	2002	Eighty-sixth Amendment Act added Article 21A which provide free compulsory education to all children of the age six to fourteen years. Article 45 was also substituted to provide for early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years. Clause (k) was also added to Article 51 to make fundamental duty of parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or war between the age of six and fourteen years.
Eighty-ninth Amendment	2003	Eighty-ninth Amendment Act separated National Commission for Scheduled Castes and National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. Article 338 was amended to provid for National Commission for Scheduled Castes. Article 338A was added which provided for National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
Ninetieth Amendment	2003	Ninetieth Amendment Act amended Article 332 to provide for elections to the Legislative Assembly of the State of Assam, the representation of the Scheduled Tribes and non-Scheduled Tribes in the constituencies included in the Bodoland Territorial Areas District, so notified, and existing prior to the constitution of the Bodoland Territorial Areas District, shall be maintained.
Ninety-first Amendment	2003	Ninety-first Amendment Act amended Article 74 to provide that the total number of Ministers, including the Prime Minister, in the Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen percent of the total number of members of the House of the People. Article 164 was also amended to provide that the total number of Ministers including the Chief Minister in the Council of Ministers in a State shall not exceed fifteen percent.
Ninety-second Amendment	2003	Ninety-second Amendment Act added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santali languages to Eighth Schedule as official language.
Ninety-third Amendment	2005	Ninety Third Amendment Act added Clause (5) to Article 15 to provide for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions whether aided or unaided by the State other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of Article 30.
Ninety-fourth Amendment	2006	Article 164 was amended to provide for Minister of Tribal Welfare in states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
Ninety-fifth Amendment	2009	Ninety-fifth Amendment Act extended reservation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Anglo Indians in Parliament and State Legislatures for another ten years.
Ninety-sixth Amendment	2011	Ninety-sixth Amendment Act replaced “Oria” with “Odia” in Eighth Schedule
Ninety-seventh Amendment	2011	Ninety-seventh Amendment gave constitutional status to Co-operative Societies by introducing Part IXB. Article 43B was added to provide for promotion for voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of cooperative societies.
Ninety-eighth Amendment	2012	Ninety-eighth Amendment Act provided for establishment of separate development board for the Hyderabad-Karnataka region within the state of Karnataka.
Ninety-ninth Amendment	2014	Ninety-ninth Amendment Act provided for National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC). This amendment was subsequently struck down by the Supreme Court.
Hundredth Amendment	2015	Hundredth Amendment validated exchange of territories between India and Bangladesh
Hundredth-first Amendment	2016	Hundred-first Amendment Act provided for Goods and Services Tax. Article 246A was added to empower Union and States to levy goods and services tax. Union was given exclusive power to levy goods and services tax on supply of goods and services on inter state goods and services. 269A was inserted to provide for levy and collection of goods and services tax in course of inter-state trade or commerce. Article 279A was added to provide for Goods and Services Tax Council.
Hundred-second Amendment	2018	Hundred-second Amendment Act added 338B to provide for National Commission for Backward Classes
Hundred-third Amendment	2019	Hundred-third Amendment Act added clause (6) in Article 15 to provide for maximum reservation of 10% for Economically Weaker Sections in admission to educational institutions. Similarly, clause (6) was added in Article 16 to provide for maximum reservation of 10% for Economically Weaker Sections in appointments or posts.
Hundred-fourth Amendment	2019	Hundred Fourth Amendment Act extended reservation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Anglo Indians in House of the People and Legislative Assemblies of State for period of another ten years.
Hundred-fifth Amendment	2021	The Supreme Court in Jaishri Laxmanrao Patil Vs Chief Minister held that State does not have power to recognize socially and educationally backward classes. Hundred-fifth Amendment Act restored the power of the State Government to recognize socially and educationally backward classes.
Hundred-sixth Amendment	2023	Hundred-sixth Amendment provides one-third reservation to women in Parliament, State Legislature and Legislative Assembly of NCT of Delhi. Article 330A has been added to give one-third reservation to women in House of the People. Article 332A has been added to give one-third reservation to women in State Legislature. Article 239 AA has been amended to give reservation to women in Legislative Assembly of NCT of Delhi. Article 334A has also been added which provide that reservation for women in House of the People, State Legislatures and Legislative Assembly of NCT of Delhi will come into effect after an exercise of delimitation is undertaken for this purpose after the relevant figures for first census taken after the commencement of the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment ) Act, 2023 have been published and shall cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of fifteen years from such commencement.